Starting in January 2007, capital adequacy of internationally active banks will be regulated by the new Basel Capital Accord, International Convergence of Capital Measurement and Capital Standards ? a revised framework, [Basel II]. The framework introduces for the first time minimum capital requirements for operational risk and encourages market discipline of capital adequacy by initiating requirements for public disclosure of quantitative and qualitative information on operational risk exposure. This thesis examines the nature, definition, management and public disclosure of operational risk in Scandinavian banks based on regulations and recommendations presented in Basel II. We find that the models currently available for addition of operational risk to the capital requirement do not reflect actual operational risk exposure of banks.

C-uppsats som avhandlar de centrala begreppen i Guidelines for Operational Planning(GOP) (Centre of Gravity, Decisive Points, Direct and Indirect Approach, Culmination,Manoeuvre, Temp, Operational pause och Lines of operation) granskat i ett historisktperspektiv.Uppsatsen försöker verifiera hypotesen att Guidelines for operational planning (GOP)centrala begrepp fungerar och är applicerbara på alla operationer. Ett belägg för detta är attman kan identifiera begreppen i en historisk operation.Tyska väpnade styrkor från Wehrmacht, Kriegsmarine och Luftwaffe genomförde ett anfallöver havet och i luften mot Norge den 9 april 1940. Operationen var av tyskarna döpt tilloperation Weserübung-nord och var mycket vågad. I uppsatsen kommer denna operation attvara det historiska perspektivet.

Detta arbete handlar om stress, hur stress uppstår och hur lärare ute i verksamheten hanterar stress. Med dessa utgångspunkter har vi undersökt hur ett antal lärare och förskollärare i grundskolan tänker och resonerar kring begreppet stress..

The purpose of our essay is to investigate and compare the general and operational risk management in the private and public sector. As an introduction to the subject we describe the differences and similarities between the two sectors. Our survey is based on the term risk, the definitions of risk management, its development and finally the process of risk management. Since our survey is focusing on operational risks we also describe the operational process and the specific operational risks.The method we used to investigate the subject is a quantitative method. A survey was sent to 100 companies in Sweden, of which 50 were private companies and 50 were public companies.

The aim of this thesis is to study Stadshuskällaren?s operational processe flow and identify their operational characteristics. The uniqueness of Stadshuskällaren is that they are breaking the law of trade-offs regarding volume/variety, much like Toyota managed to do ? which spawned the entire field of research of the ?Lean Philosophy?. In the thesis the characteristics we identify through analysis, which enables Stadshuskällaren to break the trade-off, are compared with the principles of Lean service theory, which ultimately stem from Toyota.

The war between Georgia and Russia awakened the world pretty brutally when a small country like Georgia tried to restore order in South Ossetia. The war between the two countries took place over five days in August 2008. This paper discusses the Russian operational art and its development after the war. The starting point is to test the traditional and classic Russian theory of operational art. The aim is to describe and discuss the Russian operational experience and any developments and trends in the Russian Federation's armed forces. The purpose of describing the theory behind the operational art is to create an independent analysis model. The essay?s analysis is based entirely from qualitative research with the collection of qualitative data in the form of texts and documents with a holistic perspective. Initially, the theory chapter is created from an inductive approach to identify, define and describe the operational concept and principles, creating a theoretical model of explanation. The developed analytical model is based on the Russian theory of operational art and takes off from a deductive approach to the collected empirical data. The results of the performed analysis results are interpreted and the product of this presented in the operational conclusions. Russia had a strategic ability to win the war by means of strategic resources related to tempo, simplicity and shock effect on the Georgian troops. Russia carries out a variety of reforms and the outcome of the war demonstrates the importance of Russia having a strategic capacity to make use of one in the type of conflict that Georgia represents. This success shows that the strategic capabilities are initially a success factor, while the deficiencies in the operational and tactical levels cannot be accepted in the long run, but must be developed.

AbstractThis paper is about children and stress. Stress among children is a serious problem and to be aware of that as a preschool teacher is very important. I?ve focused on the youngest childrenin preschool. I?ve searched for information in litterateur and articles.

Mitt syfte med det här arbetet är att fokusera på barn och stressen i deras vardag. Jag ville ta reda på vad som orsakar den eventuella stressen och om de har någon metod för att stressa av. Därför har jag intervjuat elever samt gjort en litteraturstudie för att kunna dra paralleller ifrån tidigare forskning..

The purpose of this paper is to investigate in which aspects the public library is affected by its local community. This is re-searched by means of an exemplified case study of a Swedish public library in which we analyze governing documents and the library website with respect to environmental scanning and mar-keting of library services.The research questions are: How are the local community?s demands on the public li-brary being described in the governing document? How is the public library?s response to the demands of the local community being described in the operational plan? How are the demands of the local community, as shown in the governing document and the operational plan, re-flected in the marketing of library services on the library website?Our conclusions are that:The demands of the local community are described in a general fashion in the governing document, but there is a lack of concrete political guidelines.The public library's response to the demands of the local commu-nity is described to some length in the operational plan, but not with respect to economical factors.The demands of the local community are reflected to some length in the marketing of library services on the library website. Many of the overall themes that we identify in the governing document and the operational plan can be found in the marketing directed towards important target groups..

Syftet var att undersöka högkänslighet och stress hos studenter. Metoden var en kvantitativ jämförande studie mellan grupper (kvinnor och män). Undersökningen genomfördes genom en elektronisk enkät. Urvalet var ett tillfällighetsurval av kvinnor och män i åldrarna 19 ? 56 som studerade vid ett universitet, totalt 122 stycken deltagare, 31 män och 91 kvinnor.

An article review about chronic stress, which is harmful, how it manifest itself and affect females. The nursing perspective was also in focus, how the nurse can prevent unhealth caused by harmful stress among these females and how the nurse can help these women to help themselves..

Denna undersökning handlar om stress i förskolan. Syftet med undersökning är att ta reda på hur förskollärare i en förskola upplever stress i sitt arbete och vad förskollärarna gör för att minska sin stress. Dessa frågeställningar har varit centrala i min studie. Hur definierar förskolläraren sin egen stress i det vardagliga arbetet? Vad gör förskollärarna för att minska stressen i förskolan? Den metoden jag använde mig av var kvalitativa intervjuer som genomfördes med fyra förskollärare.

The purpose of this empirical study was to investigate if stress exists among nurses, and if it exists how do they experience it and how do they cope whit it. The nurses also got to define the word stress. Karasek and Theorells demandcontrollmodell were used as a theoretical framework. The result of the study answers our research questions and gives us a good insight how the nurses experience stress and how they cope with it. The result shows that 56 of 60 nurses indicated that they experience medium to high level of stress a couple of days a week or more often and that it affects their work.

This thesis examines the approach for implementing strategy that has been applied by the study object, Svenska Spel. The specific approach originates from the theories of Elliot Jaques, whose key proposal is that individuals have different capability of carrying out tasks over different time-spans. The main purpose of the study is to analyze how the approach has influenced the management control systems in use, in order to ensure that the strategy is successfully implemented on corporate as well as operational level. Twenty in debt interviews conducted with employees, representing a vertical cross section throughout the organization, are the main source of the study?s empirical foundation.

Sammanfattningvis visar resultaten på att barn och ungdomar är och upplevs mer stressade idag. Det finns många orsaker till barns stress och och den tar sig i olika uttryck. Skolans inre och yttre miljö är en stor stressfaktor som påverkar både yngre och äldre barn. För att kunna förebygga och motverka stress är det viktigt att identifiera stressen tidigt i livet..